Category Archives: Street Network Evolution

the evolution of urban street patterns over time

Existing City Network Adaptation, Street Network Evolution

Frankfurt – Old urbanism to Fused Grid

February 26, 2010 fanis.grammenos Leave a comment

Frankfurt, Germany turned much of the old fortified city into a pedestrian priority realm. It adapted its inherited organic street network to the car and rail by applying the Fused Grid model (see Wikipedia).

A twinned perimeter road (red) frames the central district, which is about 900 m wide by 1500 m long, the dimensions of a walkable area. Feeder roads (blue) serve the distinct but do not go through directly, particularly in the North-South direction. Pedestrian-only streets (green) dominate the area making the city centre, all its services and amenities accessible on foot ; a true pedestrian haven, free of traffic noise, fumes, risk and obstruction, a delight to experience and an example to emulate in old and new districts.
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The streets below have been returned to their rightful owners, the pedestrians, and thus have re-established the tru meaning of “the public realm”.

Street Network Evolution

Urbanesque: Main Street, No Town

February 26, 2010 fanis.grammenos Leave a comment

“Urbanesque” – the perfect urban mix:
19th century urbanism with 20th century technology and commerce.

The Promenade Shops at Saucon Valley, 10 km south of Allentown (pop 100k) display the design features of the cherished Small American Town, an icon of urbanism.
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The Main Street is a mixed realm of cars and pedestrians who arrive from the historic , classic but unkempt Main Street of Allentown. There is ample parking for all behind the stores.
A wide variety of stores, including a Starbucks in the Square’s cetre are all part of chains.

An ideal urban world for upscale contemporary living based on the private car (and truck transport).

Existing City Network Adaptation, Street Network Evolution

New Urbanist Cul-de-sac

February 25, 2010 fanis.grammenos Leave a comment

A city neighbourhood displays a perfect New Urbanist cul-de-sac:
This 200-foot long street is built at high density, common to the entire neighbourhood.
It is narrow and shared between pedestrians and cars, a common public realm made possible because of its short length and width, the number of cars on it and the absence of through traffic.
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At the end, it opens to a path that connects it to the street across (photo on the right) and to all other streets along the path which is set in a delightful green space of only 60 feet in width. The same space is used for dog walking, kids’ play, exercising and inevitably socializing. This public realm is free of all nuisance, relaxing and joyful. At both ends of the five minute path walk one finds a bus stop and convenience stores.
This neighbourhood consisting of ten short, rectilinear cul-de-sacs is compact, connected, safe, has a mix of uses, is served by transit and has a delightful public realm.
Urbanism comes in many guises – often in a cul-de-sac.

Street Network Evolution

“Urbanesque”: Town Place, No Town

February 25, 2010 fanis.grammenos Leave a comment

“Urbanesque”: – the perfect urban mix:
19th century urbanism with 20th century technology and commerce.

The Promenade Shops at Saucon Valley, 10 km south of Allentown (pop 100k) display the design features of the cherished Small American Town, an icon of urbanism.
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The Main Street is a mixed realm of cars and pedestrians who arrive from the historic , classic but unkempt Main Street of Allentown. There is ample parking for all behind the stores.
A wide variety of stores, including a Starbucks in the Square’s cetre are all part of chains.

An ideal urban world for upscale contemporary livingliving.

Street Network Evolution

“Urbanesque”: Town Square, Street, Place …. But No Town

February 25, 2010 fanis.grammenos Leave a comment

“Urbanesque” – the perfect urban mix:
19th century urbanism with 20th century technology and commerce.

The Promenade Shops at Saucon Valley, 10 km south of Allentown (pop 100k), display the design features of the cherished Small American Town, an icon of urbanism.
It has a Main Street, a town place and a town square in the midst of bucolic farmers fields.
The Main Street is a mixed realm of cars and pedestrians who arrive from the historic , classic but unkempt Main Street of Allentown. There is ample parking for peak shopping periods behind the stores.
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An ideal urban world for upscale, contemporary living adaptet to the car culture, truck trnasport that has adopted the aesthetic of the small town. “Urbanesque” = style without the culture that supports it.

Town Place, No Town

Urbanesque: Main Street, No Town Main Street, No town

Street Network Evolution

“Eyes on Street” – Un-coded

February 25, 2010 fanis.grammenos Leave a comment

In Pompeii, Italy and Mani, Greece, two streets more than a thousand years apart follow the same dis-urban code.

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Both disobey a cardinal urbanist rule- eyes on the street. Not only the flanking hoouses have no porches, the ground floor is almost entirely opaque to the street; few, if any, very small windows set above the eye level to prevent eyes on the street LOOKING IN.
A coded, vernacular dis-urban practice(see articles by Besim Hakim). Mani photo by Doug Pollard.

Street Network Evolution

New Urbanist cul-de-sac

February 22, 2010 fanis.grammenos Leave a comment

A city neighbourhood displays a perfect New Urbanist cul-de-sac:
This 300-foot long street is built at very high density, being at a favourable location fronting a river. It evolved from an early suburb of the 30s to an urban extension of the 90s.
It respects the street by placing all parking underground. It is connected: it links to the next street via a garage exit and a path. Public transit passes at the entry of the cul-de-sac.
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Some non-residential uses inhabit the street, of which residents are only 3 blocks away from a main shopping street, reachable on foot, bike and car.
It sees only the traffic of its houses and apartments, no through traffic; rendering it quiet and safe.
This street is compact, connected, quiet, with mixed uses and varied housing types and with adjacent open space; a prototype for a good urban street.
Urbanism comes in many guises – including an ideal a cul-de-sac.

Street Network Evolution

New Urbanist Cul-de-sac

February 21, 2010 fanis.grammenos Leave a comment

A Mediterrenean mountain village displays a perfect New Urbanist cul-de-sac:
It uses the street as a true public realm; the entire pavement is for walking, sitting, eating and socializing.
The street is compact and perfectly cosy, if somewhat messy and, in places, dilapitated. What it lacks in formal design it gives back in delight.
It mixes housing and restaurant/coffee/bar shop with a home for the owner above.
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Urbanism comes in many guises – sometimes in a cul-de-sac.
(Photo by Doug Pollard)